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.According to the Delegatura, the PPR had not shown a satisfactory degree of commitment to these conditions and in particular was negative towards point 5.As a result, all talks between the two were discontinued.33 At the same time the Delegatura took the opportunity to refute any suggestion that they were preparing any lists of communist activists, and proceeded to accuse the PPR of instructing their local cells to put together lists of those involved in the fight for independence.34 It would seem that any attempts to establish some basis for co-existence irrevocably broke down at that stage.In fact both sides henceforth kept the other under constant surveillance.The Delegatura and the exile authorities sought to ascertain the likelihood that the PPR may ally with other political parties, most notably the RPPS.Leaflets and publications were scrutinized for indications of the PPR's organizational skills and resources at its disposal.The quality of the paper, the print and the regularity with which their news sheets were disseminated were all a relatively reliable way of finding out how the communists were able to develop their organizational network while evading detection by the Gestapo.The party's ideological programme and its statements on post-war Poland were examined for inclinations of the post-war objectives of the party and the Soviet Union's, but also to gauge its ability to persuade members of other political and military organizations to join, or at least to support, the PPR's broad anti-fascist programme.Reports prepared by Agency 'A' of the Delegatura, which were sent to Britain and in most cases were copied to the minister of home affairs and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, suggest that PPR activities were closely monitored and files were being prepared listing all those who were members of, or had any associations with, the communist movement.The detailed nature of these lists suggests the likelihood of Agency 'A' and the successor Antyk organization, having access to pre-war police files.35The exile government was informed by its agencies in Poland that at the end of 1942 the PPR had suffered arrests.Its organizational structure was supposed to have been further weakened by the Nazi extermination of Jews, who were presumed to be sympathetic towards the communist movement.Until the beginning of 1943 the PPR was believed to have been weakened by internal struggles between the members of the disbanded KPP and the new leadership.Nevertheless, the party, it was reported, had overcome those problems and throughout the year proceeded to extend its organizational base and to broaden its appeal to old PPS and SL members.36 Evidence from the PPR, RPPS and the SL archives suggest, however, that the AK overestimated the communists' successes.This was in spite of the fact the Delegatura knew that the PPR and RPPS had not managed to establish a joint military command or to coordinate their organizations.Conspiratorial publications put out by both organizations made it clear that neither side was prepared to accept the other one's ideological supremacy.37The AK was acutely aware that its apparent inactivity allowed the PPR and its military wing the GL to assume the mantle of the defenders of the oppressed workers and peasants.This and the communists' policy of infiltrating other organizations was put forward as an explanation of its apparent growing popularity.At the beginning of 1943 this extended beyond the narrow sections of the working-class community and included artisans and teachers.In the villages the communists encouraged hostility to the landowners, agitating among the landless and estate workers.This led to the rank and file of some BCh defecting to the communist military emits.38 The AK reported ominously that the communists, in spite of their numerical weakness, were rapidly gaining popular support.In Warsaw their numbers 'were disproportionately small in comparison to their activities, mobility and influence on the masses'.39After the diplomatic break between the Polish government-in-exile and the Soviet Union, the PPR initiated a campaign of attacking the London Poles.Until then the PPR had focused on the need for national unity, whereas the RPPS was more outspoken in its distrust of the AK and the government-in-exile, accusing them of harbouring sympathizers of the pre-war government.Reporting in June 1943, Agency 'A' noted that the PPR declared that the London government no longer had the right to claim to speak on behalf of all Poles.PPR was also putting forward the idea that a new government should emerge in Poland and furthermore that this one should come from within the organization that was directly involved in lighting the German occupation.40 In December reports from Poland spoke of increased communist activities.The dissemination of the PPR programme under the title 'What are we fighting for?' marked the start of a new, two-pronged campaign.On the one hand the communists announced the creation of the Krajowa Rada Narodowa (Homeland National Council - KRN), which would form the first government, while on the other hand a campaign of vilification and attacks on the London government was stepped up.The widespread acceptance of the inevitability of Soviet entry onto Polish territories, combined with war weariness, played into the communists' hands.But as the authors of the report to London also noted, the ambivalent attitude of the Western allies towards the Soviet Union further played into the communists' hands by suggesting lack of interest or even an abandonment of Poland.41At the end of 1943 the Delegatura decided that the surveillance of communist organizations and of those sympathetic to it had to be conducted in a more consistent way.Thus on 1 January 1944 a new organization was created which took the name Antyk.In addition to collating information on communists it was to prepare an effective campaign to counteract the spread of communist and Soviet influence throughout Polish society [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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